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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in C++

Snapshot Array

Explore how to implement a Snapshot Array that supports setting values, taking snapshots, and retrieving past values by Snap ID. Understand its use cases and constraints to solve custom data structure problems effectively.

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Statement

In this challenge, you have to implement a Snapshot Array with the following properties:

  • Constructor (length): This is the constructor and it initializes the data structure to hold the specified number of indexes.

  • Set Value (idx, val): This property sets the value at a given index idx to value val.

  • Snapshot(): This method takes no parameters and returns the Snap ID. Snap ID is the number of times that the snapshot function was called, less 11, as we start the count at 00. The first time this function is called, it saves a snapshot and returns 00. The nthn^{th} time it is called, after saving the snapshot, it returns n−1n-1.

  • Get Value (idx, Snap ID) method returns the value at the index in the snapshot with the given Snap ID.

Suppose that we have three nodes whose values we wish to track in the snapshot array. Initially, the value of all the nodes will be 00. After calling the Set Value (1, 4) function, the value of node 1 will change to 44. If we take a snapshot at this point, the current values of all the nodes will be saved with Snap ID 00. Now, if we call Set Value (1, 7), the current value for node 1 will change to 77. Now, if we call the Get Value (1, 0) function, we will get the value of node 1 from snapshot 00, that is, 44.

Constraints:

  • 1≤1 \leq length ≤1000\leq 1000
  • 0≤0 \leq idx << length
  • 0≤0 \leq val ≤109\leq 10^9
  • 0≤0 \leq snapid << (the total number of times we call Snapshot)
  • At most 5×1035 \times 10^3 calls will be made to Set Value, Snapshot, and Get Value.

Examples

Understand the problem

Let’s take a moment to make sure you’ve correctly understood the problem. The quiz below helps you check if you’re solving the correct problem:

Snapshot Array

1.

Select the correct output for the given code:

snapshot array = Constructor(3)
snapshot array.set value(0, 4)
snapshot array.snapshot()
snapshot array.get value(0, 0)
snapshot array.set value(1, 6) 
snapshot array.snapshot()
snapshot array.get value(1, 1)
A.

6

4

B.

4

6

C.

2

3

D.

3

2

1 / 2

Figure it out!

We have a game for you to play. Rearrange the logical building blocks to develop a clearer understanding of how to solve this problem.

Sequence - Vertical
Drag and drop the cards to rearrange them in the correct sequence.
1
2
3

Try it yourself

Implement your solution in the following coding playground.

C++
usercode > SnapshotArray.cpp
class SnapshotArray {
    public:
        // Constructor
        SnapshotArray(int length){
            
        }
        // Function SetValue sets the value at a given index idx to val.
        void SetValue(int idx, int val){
            // Write your code here
        }
        // This function takes no parameters and returns the snapid.
        // snapid is the number of times that the Snapshot() function was called minus 1. 
        int Snapshot(){
            // Replace this placeholder return statement with your code
            return -1;
        }
        // Function GetValue returns the value at the index idx with the given snapid.
        int GetValue(int idx, int snapshotId){
            // Replace this placeholder return statement with your code
            return -1;
        }
};
Snapshot Array