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Solution: Koko Eating Bananas

Understand how to determine the minimum constant eating speed that allows Koko to finish all banana piles before the guards return. Explore the application of modified binary search to efficiently narrow down the speed by leveraging the problem's monotonic pass/fail nature, resulting in an optimal O(n log M) time complexity solution.

Statement

Koko has nn piles of bananas in front of her, where the ithi^{th} pile has piles[i] bananas. The guards have left and will return in h hours, and Koko must finish all the bananas before they come back.

Before eating, Koko chooses an integer as an eating speed kk ...