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The Java Interview Handbook: 300+ Interview Questions

Method References and Closures

Explore how Java compiler infers types for lambda expressions, how closures capture variables, and how method references simplify functional programming. This lesson helps you write cleaner Java code by mastering these concepts.

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Functional programming in Java relies on compiler support for type inference and Lambda translation.

Let’s explore how the Java compiler infers types, how Lambda expressions interact with their surrounding variables, and how we can use method references to make our code even cleaner.

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Why do we not need to specify parameter types in a Lambda expression?

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Let’s look at a simple interface to see how type inference eliminates boilerplate code.

Java
interface NumberCruncher {
    void work(int a, int b);
}
class Program {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        NumberCruncher explicit = (int a, int b) -> System.out.println(a + b);
        NumberCruncher implicit = (a, b) -> System.out.println(a + b);
        explicit.work(5, 5);
        implicit.work(5, 5);
    }
}

  • Line 7: We explicitly declare the parameters a and b as integers.

  • Line 8: ...