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The Road to React: The One with Hooks

React JSX

Explore the basics of React JSX to understand how to combine HTML and JavaScript in components. Learn the essential syntax rules like returning a single root element, closing tags, and using camelCase attributes. This lesson helps you confidently render strings, objects, and expressions in JSX to build user interfaces in React.

We'll cover the following...

In React, the returned output of the App component resembles HTML. This output is called JSX, which mixes HTML and JavaScript to create a powerful react syntax for building user interfaces. Let’s see how this works for displaying a variable:

.App {
  text-align: center;
}

.App-logo {
  animation: App-logo-spin infinite 20s linear;
  height: 80px;
}

.App-header {
  background-color: #222;
  height: 150px;
  padding: 20px;
  color: white;
}

.App-title {
  font-size: 1.5em;
}

.App-intro {
  font-size: large;
}

@keyframes App-logo-spin {
  from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

📜Note: In the app onwards we can now see the output in the browser since we are starting the app using npm start. This will start the live-server, which will then begin to listen for any changes made in our code files.

See the output in action, both in the output tab and the host link provided below. In case of any changes you make to your code, the live-server will detect these, just press Run.

📜Note: The terminal remains alive for 30 minutes for each session, after which the server is killed;

The application is started with npm start, and now you can look for the rendered variable in the browser, which should read: “Hello React”.

The Rules of JSX

While JSX looks like HTML, it is actually closer to JavaScript. Because of this, there are specific Rules of JSX you must follow to ensure your code compiles correctly:

  • Return a single root element: A component must return a single parent element (like a <div> or a Fragment <>).
  • Close all tags: All tags must be explicitly closed, including self-closing tags like <img /> or <input />.
  • Use camelCase for attributes: Since JSX turns into JavaScript, attributes like stroke-width become strokeWidth.
  • Attribute replacements: Some keywords are reserved in JavaScript (like class or for), so JSX uses alternatives.

Let’s focus on the HTML, which is expressed almost the same in JSX. An input field with a label can be defined as follows:

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We specified three HTML attributes here: htmlFor, id, and type. Where id and type should be familiar from native HTML, htmlFor might be new. The htmlFor reflects the for attribute in HTML. JSX replaces a handful of internal HTML attributes, but you can find all the supported HTML attributes in React’s documentation, which follow the camelCase naming convention. Expect to come across more JSX-specific attributes like className and onClick instead of class and onclick, as you learn more about React.

We will revisit the HTML input field for implementation details later; for now, let’s return to JavaScript in JSX. We have defined a string primitive to be displayed in the App component, and the same can be done with a JavaScript object:

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Remember, everything in curly braces in JSX can be used for JavaScript expressions (e.g. function execution):

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JSX was initially invented for React, but it became useful for other modern libraries and frameworks after it gained popularity. It is one of my favorite things about React. Without any extra templating syntax (except for the curly braces), we are now able to use JavaScript in HTML.

Exercises:

  • Confirm the changes from the last section. This specifies the lines in which the changes were made in code. This makes it to easy to understand how it differs from the previous section.

  • Read more about React’s JSX.

  • Define more primitive and complex JavaScript data types and render them in JSX.

  • Try to render a JavaScript array in JSX. If it’s too complicated, don’t worry, because you will learn more about this in the next lesson.

Technical Quiz
1.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about JSX?

A.

To add HTML within the React component

B.

To convert HTML tags into React elements

C.

JSX is a requirement for using React.

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